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What are emotions?

philosophers and thinkers have always been interested in the study of emotions, as they represent an essential axis of the representation of the moral life.

contributions from philosophers may be ie that of Aristotle, who in "De anima and de essentia" already provided significant inputs of modernity.

Or in more recent times, include the contributions of Darwin, who wrote a book far more fundamental: "The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals" where: in the first location shows the continuity of the emotions between the animal world and the human world, and secondly, you start a scientific study of emotions which uses an innovative methodology, which is the objective observation of behavior.

At the end of the nineteenth century, precisely in 1884, James wrote his essay "What is an emotion" and overturns the previous tradition that looked to the emotions as mere states of consciousness, claiming that they were rather the perception of the body triggered by environmental stimuli to emotional character.

the contributions of James studies of emotions have evolved, and later succeeded in a variety of diverse theories.

Although it is difficult to find a unique and comprehensive definition to define the emotions, they represent the affective processes are characterized by feelings of pleasure - displeasure with the approach answers - allontanemento and a positive evaluation - negative event.

consist of intense reactions and short-term, determined by environmental stimuli and / or intrapsychic stimuli, which cause physiological activation.

Emotions also have multiple functions: determine rapidly the physiological changes necessary to support adaptive responses of the body, allow us to communicate its plans and its intentions through the expression, allowing the modification of cognitive activity with the consequent reorientation of conduct based on new priorities.

The main task of the emotions is to be a "powerful interface" between the individual and the environment "in a position to mediate between the constantly changing situations and behavioral responses individual. They perform a scan function and assessment of environmental events in order to decide on the relevance and potential effect on the aims and interests of the individual and to prepare to react to these events in an adaptive way.

emotions can also be found in several components: a cognitive component, on the development of the emotional significance of the stimulus, a neurophysiological component of the activities of the central nervous system and autonomic nervous system, a component related to the motivational needs related to emotion and purpose, a motor component found in the instrumental and expressive function and ultimately a subjective component inherent the living conscious and aware of the emotional experience monitoring.

emotional processes, in fact, include aspects related to the evaluative nature of the stimulus and the state of the organism, but also aspects of expression, communication, and instrumental attivazionali.